Po456 code ford

Mar 23, 2016 ... P0456 is an Evap code. The filler neck could cause this code along with a bunch of other stuff. Did you try some wd40 when you cleaned it up.

Po456 code ford. Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0455 stands for “Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP) Large Leak Detected”. Your car’s computer will set the code when it determines there’s a significant leak in the EVAP system. Users have reported code P0455 for the following makes: Chevrolet (especially on a Chevy Silverado), Dodge, …

Nov 4, 2014 ... It's throwing a P0456 Small Evap Leak. Usually the gas ca is the first thing I'd look at but this car doesn't have one. I found a TSB about ...

The Shelby Mustang GT500 is the most powerful Mustang available. Find out what sets the Shelby Mustang GT500 apart and see pictures of the Shelby Mustang GT500. Advertisement The F...Feb 14, 2020 ... Обычно этот код P0456 вызван неправильной или неисправной газовой крышкой. Заполнение топливного бака при работающем двигателе также может быть ...Ford Edge P0456 OBDII Code Symptoms. P0456 code will typically not be accompanied by any noticeable symptoms other than the smell of gas and the service engine soon light.. Gas Smell– You may smell fuel vapor around the fuel tank area or fuel filler tube.; Check engine light– P0456 may be accompanied by other EVAP-related …Feb 11, 2012 ... P0456 evaporative emission system leak · Navbar Menu · P0456 evaporative emission system leak · New clutch installed from ford , pedal soft &m...Usually this P0456 code is caused by an incorrect or faulty gas cap. Filling the fuel tank with the engine running could conceivable cause this code as well or if the cap wasn't properly tightened. Any of the following could also be the cause: * A small leak in any of the EVAP hoses or fuel tank hoses. * A small leak in the purge valve or vent ...Ford C-Max P0456 OBDII Code Symptoms. P0456 code will typically not be accompanied by any noticeable symptoms other than the smell of gas and the service engine soon light.. Gas Smell– You may smell fuel vapor around the fuel tank area or fuel filler tube.; Check engine light– P0456 may be accompanied by other EVAP-related …

P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Accord. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with it ...So the damn RS decided to throw a code at 13K miles of pinned driving. I scanned it and found P0456: Evap emissions leak, very small. Being a Ford guy I know of an inherit problem with cap less gas caps not sealing correctly after a while and so I tried the ghetto fix that a buddy shop foreman showed me years ago.3. Points. 2. Location. Houston, TX, USA. Feb 12, 2023. #1. MY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON THE OTHER DAY, SO I HOOKED UP MY SCANNER AND IT READ P0456 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION SYSTEM LEAK DETECTED. I CLEARED THE CODE AND MY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WENT AWAY, BUT THE CODE STILL SHOWS AS PERMANENT. P1450 & P0456 avap leak on 2015 and newer ford transit, f150, escape, explorer and other models Soledad. Senior Member. Thread Starter. Join Date: Feb 2018. Location: CO. Posts: 104. Likes: 18. Received 22 Likes on 16 Posts. Persistent P0456 code …

Soledad. Senior Member. Thread Starter. Join Date: Feb 2018. Location: CO. Posts: 104. Likes: 18. Received 22 Likes on 16 Posts. Persistent P0456 code …P0456 Code: Help Needed. I recently replaced my Failing purge valve, Car was struggling to start until I tapped the gas to get it to idle. I had P0456 (EVAP Emission System Small leak, and P1450 (Unable to bleed Fuel tank vacuum.) After I replaced the purge valve, i cleared my codes and I went to fill up the car and was only able to fill up to ...The loose hose I believe is the canister vent hose, normally open to air during a purge cycle. 2015 - 2020 Ford F150 - PO451 Code - The hose off the evap is no longer in the bed frame since I've removed the bed. It was just mounted into a cross member and breathing. I should do something with but all my frame members are sealed..Feb 14, 2020 ... Обычно этот код P0456 вызван неправильной или неисправной газовой крышкой. Заполнение топливного бака при работающем двигателе также может быть ...

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1. Connect the scan tool to the Ford’s diagnostic port. Connect the scan tool to the Ford’s diagnostic port, located next to the steering column under the driver’s side of the dashboard. The port will have a small cover over it with the letters “DTC” embossed on the face of the cover. Pull that cover off to access the port.How to fix a Ford P0456 engine code: Evaporative Emissions System Small Leak Detected Amazon Link to Smoke Machine: https://amzn.to/41U0DifHow to Test if Pur...Usually this P0456 code is caused by an incorrect or faulty gas cap. Filling the fuel tank with the engine running could conceivable cause this code as well or if the cap wasn't properly tightened. Any of the following could also be the cause: A small leak in any of the EVAP hoses or fuel tank hoses. A small leak in the purge valve or vent valve.Around 1000 miles the check engine light came on. P0456. Took in to ford to troubleshoot. They didn’t do anything and just reset the computer or update. Drove 100 miles and code came back. Took back to dealer and they check and said it’s the evap. They replace a new evap. Drive for about 1000 miles and the code came back.The cost to diagnose the P0456 2003 Ford F150 code is 1.0 hour of labor. The diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. Most auto …

In order to diagnose and fix the P0456 code on your Ford Explorer, you can follow these steps: 1. Check for a loose or damaged gas cap. A faulty gas cap can often trigger the P0456 code. Tighten the gas cap and clear the code. If the code returns, move to the next step. 2.#Google #Yahoo! #Amazon #Bing #Ask.com #DuckDuckGo #Yandex #AOL #Ecosia #Baidu #Shorts 2011 - 2015 Ford Explorer How to fix the small evap leak P0456 / P0442...Quick video on changing the purge valve on Ford Edge with 3.5l engine, throwing a P0456 engine code. Once the valve was removed, I checked the old one and I ...Nov 5, 2018 · P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your C-Max. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with it as ... Feb 11, 2012 ... P0456 evaporative emission system leak · Navbar Menu · P0456 evaporative emission system leak · New clutch installed from ford , pedal soft &m...2013 V6 Explorer - Limited. So, I have been chasing an evap code for months now. The issue started last year when I noticed the gas pump kept "clunking" back, as if I had a full tank. A few days later I got a check engine light; Code P0456 (Small evap leak detected). The light comes and goes and after some research I decide to replace the …If you need a new one you should be able to find it for about $30, maybe even cheaper if you get a good discount somewhere. 2009 - 2014 Ford F150 - Code P0456 - Hi all, Engine light came on yesterday. I have an Actron pocket scanner that tells me the code is P0456. {EMISSIONS/EVAP PRESUURE LEAK} . I've been reading that its very …Come along with Eric O. at the SMA shop as we have a look at this 2011 Ford Escape with a "P0456 EVAP Small Leak." In this video we do a quick diagnosis on t...P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Accord. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with it ...P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Econoline. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with ...Nov 4, 2018 · P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Fiesta. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with it ...

Whether you already own a Ford vehicle or you want to be a Ford owner, you can find a Ford dealer near you to purchase a car or get service for the one you own. Use these tips to f...

The last two characters "56" are DTC numbers. OBD2 Diagnostic Trouble Code P0456 indicates that a leak in the evaporative (EVAP) emission system has been detected. The evaporative emission control (EVAP) system helps reduce fuel-system vapor leaks into the atmosphere. Through hoses and tubes, an EVAP system routes fuel fumes from the fuel …=====Claim your FREE engine code eraser 👉 https://free.nonda.co 👈== How to Fix P0456 =====Engine Code P0456 Saving Repair P...Nov 5, 2018 · P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Transit Connect. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal ... ok. Ford Mechanic: Mike V. There is a service bulletin for this code. It's very likely the canister purge control solenoid is sticking open. This will cause this code to appear. The repair is to install a new purge valve. Since this is a bulletin it is something you would have to pay for, so, it's something you can do yourself.I'll show you the steps involved to diagnose a faulty purge valve causing a P0456 EVAP code on a 2013 Ford F-150.2 posts · Joined 2019. #1 · Jul 15, 2019. I have a 2012 mustang v6, currently getting code p0456 small evap leak. I am trying to self diagnose as much as I can before having to go to a shop. Everything online is saying check hoses, and also gas cap. My stang doesnt have a gas cap, and from what I can see no cracks in the hoses.3. Points. 2. Location. Houston, TX, USA. Feb 12, 2023. #1. MY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON THE OTHER DAY, SO I HOOKED UP MY SCANNER AND IT READ P0456 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION SYSTEM LEAK DETECTED. I CLEARED THE CODE AND MY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WENT AWAY, BUT THE CODE STILL SHOWS AS PERMANENT.Ford Fiesta P0456 OBDII Code Symptoms. P0456 code will typically not be accompanied by any noticeable symptoms other than the smell of gas and the service engine soon light.. Gas Smell– You may smell fuel vapor around the fuel tank area or fuel filler tube.; Check engine light– P0456 may be accompanied by other EVAP-related …

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A P0456 OBD 2 engine code means that the system has detected a small EVAP leak. Watch as we guide through some simple steps on diagnosing the leak. Our vehic... Fine, so it looks like it is the Purge Valve. However, I cannot find anyone that has a 2016 or 2017, or 2018 Ford Edge 2.0L that has had this problem that can show me what the part is. I have seen it on the side of the engine, back against the firewall, someone even said it was in the back near the passenger rear wheel. ... Just had to do this ...Noticeable fuel odor around the vehicle, particularly after refueling. Decreased fuel efficiency due to potential fuel vapor leakage. Causes of the P0456 Code. The two most common causes of the P0456 code are: The gas cap vent will not seal completely. The purge vent valve will not seal completely.Nov 4, 2018 · P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Focus. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with it as ... Apr 11, 2020 · I have a 2016 Ford Fusion with a Check Engine Light on. OBD 2 Scan shows a CODE P0456. Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak). In this v... 1 / 1. Explorer, Sport Trac, Mountaineer & Aviator - P0456 evap small leak - Hello, I picked up a 2001 explorer sport 4.0 SOHC 81K miles for my daughter. Purchased 12/2017 and installed new fuel pump and relay. She put about 4K miles on it and now with the warm weather twice about 3 weeks apart got the P0456 code.Feb 12, 2023 · 3. Points. 2. Location. Houston, TX, USA. Feb 12, 2023. #1. MY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON THE OTHER DAY, SO I HOOKED UP MY SCANNER AND IT READ P0456 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION SYSTEM LEAK DETECTED. I CLEARED THE CODE AND MY CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WENT AWAY, BUT THE CODE STILL SHOWS AS PERMANENT. The owner?s wallet card contains the original security code for keyless entry. Owners can typically find this card in the glove compartment of a Ford vehicle upon purchasing it. Th...Ford / Escape / 2010 / trouble code PO456; Trouble code PO456. 2010 Ford Escape. Asked by zebratech2 in Sparks, NV on . May 12, 2018. obd 11 says very small leak? from where an how to isolate? What seems to make the problem better or worse? na. How long have you had this problem? months. Tags: na, ford, escape. 1 …The Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) will set when the EVAP control system has a very large leak such as the fuel filler cap fell off, the EVAP control system does not operate properly. P0456 Ford Code - EVAP System Leak Detected Gross Leak/No FlowLabor: 1.0. The cost to diagnose the P0456 2003 Ford F150 code is 1.0 hour of labor. The diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. Most auto repair shops charge between $75 and $150 per hour.45.5K subscribers. 135. 11K views 4 months ago. How to fix a Ford P0456 engine code: Evaporative Emissions System Small Leak Detected Amazon Link to Smoke Machine: https://amzn.to/41U0Dif... ….

Aug 10, 2017 · Come along with Eric O. at the SMA shop as we have a look at this 2011 Ford Escape with a "P0456 EVAP Small Leak." In this video we do a quick diagnosis on t... Apr 9, 2009 ... P0456 Error Code (Help) ... My car recently threw a CIL with P0456 which is a fuel vapor leak or lack of purge flow in the EVAP control system. I' ...Ford / Escape / 2010 / trouble code PO456; Trouble code PO456. 2010 Ford Escape. Asked by zebratech2 in Sparks, NV on . May 12, 2018. obd 11 says very small leak? from where an how to isolate? What seems to make the problem better or worse? na. How long have you had this problem? months. Tags: na, ford, escape. 1 …Engine Code P0456: Evaporative Emission Control System Leak (Very Small). EVAP System has a very small leak. Engine Code P0456 means the …P0456 is a generic OBD-II Code that the engine control module (ECM) has detected a very small leak in the evaporative system during the vehicle off testing. The test has to fail …Aug 28, 2016 · The EVAP pressure sensor allows the PC to monitor EVAP system/fuel tank pressure. If EVAP and/or fuel tank pressure remains too low over a set period of time, and under certain circumstances, a code P0456 will be stored and the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) may be illuminated. Since this code specifies a small EVAP system leak, there is ... The Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) will set when the EVAP control system has a very large leak such as the fuel filler cap fell off, the EVAP control system does not operate properly. P0456 Ford Code - EVAP System Leak Detected Gross Leak/No Flow First, check the gas cap – screw it in if it's not already. If it is, visually inspect the cap for wear or damage. Make sure you're using the original cap or a suitable replacement. Mismatches are a common cause of P0456. If your gas cap is faulty & needs replacing, we recommend Amazon for their quick shipping & massive selection. The EVAP purge valve is a very common cause of P0456 in the Explorer. P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Explorer.I have a 2016 Ford Fusion with a Check Engine Light on. OBD 2 Scan shows a CODE P0456. Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak). In this v... Po456 code ford, 2009 - 2014 Ford F150 - 2012 f150 P0456 code - Hello there, I ran my diognostic test and got this code. It says its a small evap leak, I do not have a gas cap on this model, any ideas?, Usually this P0456 code is caused by an incorrect or faulty gas cap. Filling the fuel tank with the engine running could conceivable cause this code as well or if the cap wasn't properly tightened. Any of the following could also be the cause: * A small leak in any of the EVAP hoses or fuel tank hoses. * A small leak in the purge valve or vent ..., Crossovers - Code PO456 - I have an 07 ford edge that just popped a PO456 code. After researching, it is most likely the gas cap or the fuel tank pressure sensor. My question is, does anyone know where the tank pressure sensor is located? Thanks for the help, Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0455 stands for “Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP) Large Leak Detected”. Your car’s computer will set the code when it determines there’s a significant leak in the EVAP system. Users have reported code P0455 for the following makes: Chevrolet (especially on a Chevy Silverado), Dodge, …, Ford Edge P0496 Meaning. P0496 is a universal OBDII trouble code. This means that regardless of which make or model of vehicle, the code will mean the same thing. The code technically stands for: Evaporative Emission System High Purge Flow. The EVAP system captures all fuel vapor from the fuel tank and sends them to the engines …, OBD-II Trouble Code P0456 Description. Evaporative Emissions System – Small Leak Detected. The Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP) plays a crucial role in preventing fuel vapors …, Hello just reaching out to owners of I'm guessing from 2012 to 2019 Ford Fiesta and Focus. I had check engine light and came up with code P0456 and came up small evap leak! So did some search about it and it directed me to the capless gas little metal door could be dirty or not sealing properly.so cleaned it and drove car with engine …, 2015 - 2020 Ford F150 - P0456 EVAP Leak (Smaill) - So I got my first check engine light at a deep 9,300 miles on my 2015 V8. The code I got was P0456. I did a search and I found zero results in the 2015 - Present Ford Thread. Code P0456 indicates that the Evaporative Emission System had a very small leak for a..., 45.5K subscribers. 135. 11K views 4 months ago. How to fix a Ford P0456 engine code: Evaporative Emissions System Small Leak Detected Amazon Link to Smoke Machine: https://amzn.to/41U0Dif..., Summary. This article supersedes TSB 14-0193 to update the vehicle model years affected. Issue: Some 2013-2017 C-Max/Fusion/MKZ Hybrid/Energi vehicles may exhibit an illuminated malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) with diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) P1450, P0456, P0457, P04EE and/or P04EF. This may be due to the sealing capability of the …, When there is a large leak in the Ford Fiesta’s EVAP system, it will throw the P0455 OBDII Code. P0455 indicates a large leak in the evaporative emission control system. (EVAP). There are different leak size codes. For example, P0456 means your Fiesta has a small EVAP leak. While the trouble code may state that there is a “large …, OEM NEW 12-18 Ford Focus VMV Fuel Vapor Canister Purge Solenoid Valve P0456 DTC ; Item Number. 266333725877 ; Brand. Ford ; Other Part Number. BV6Z 9D289-R ..., Russians are buying more SUVs, and Ford wants a bigger piece of the action. The US carmaker will start producing two 4x4s—the Escape and the EcoSport, in Russia. Local production w..., P1450, P0456 and P144C Engine Codes. I first experienced a P1450 Engine code and after a little time the P0456 Engine code came on as well. I replaced the purge valve (the long tube assembly) and after that took the car on a decent road trip (1000 miles round trip). After the trip I checked again and now P144C is showing with the other two …, What is the Cost to Diagnose the Code? Labor: 1.0. The cost to diagnose the P0456 2003 Ford F150 code is 1.0 hour of labor. The diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. Most auto repair shops charge between $75 and $150 per hour. , Crossovers - Code PO456 - I have an 07 ford edge that just popped a PO456 code. After researching, it is most likely the gas cap or the fuel tank pressure sensor. My question is, does anyone know where the tank pressure sensor is located? Thanks for the help, Mar 25, 2024 · P0456 Ford Code - EVAP System Leak Detected Gross Leak/No Flow. Table of contents. By AutoCodes.com - Updated Mar 25, 2024. Possible Causes. How To Fix. Tech Notes . Cost to Diagnose. Description 📷. Comments. Add Comment. What does this mean? What are the Possible Causes of the DTC P0456 Ford? , Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0455 stands for “Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP) Large Leak Detected”. Your car’s computer will set the code when it determines there’s a significant leak in the EVAP system. Users have reported code P0455 for the following makes: Chevrolet (especially on a Chevy Silverado), Dodge, …, 2012 f150 P0456 code. Hello there, I ran my diognostic test and got this code. It says its a small evap leak, I do not have a gas cap on this model, any ideas? Reply Like. 08-04-2018, 01:11 PM., 1. Check for a loose or damaged gas cap. A faulty gas cap can often trigger the P0456 code. Tighten the gas cap and clear the code. If the code returns, move to the next step. 2. Inspect the EVAP system for any visible signs of damage or leaks. Look for cracked hoses, loose connections, or damaged canisters., Aug 4, 2011 · tonyjroy Discussion starter. 157 posts · Joined 2010. #1 · Aug 4, 2011. 2005 E320. The other day my check engine light came on and the code was P0456 with a description of "Evap Emission System very small leak". I cleared the code and it did not come back and the check engine light went out. I had an oil change done just a couple of days ... , P0456 Chrysler EVAP System Small Leak 📷. P0456 Dodge EVAP System Small Leak 📷. P0456 Ford EVAP System Leak Detected Gross Leak/No Flow 📷. P0456 GMC EVAP Control System Leak Detected Very Small Leak 📷. P0456 Honda Evaporative Emission System Very Small Leak Detected 📷., 2013 V6 Explorer - Limited. So, I have been chasing an evap code for months now. The issue started last year when I noticed the gas pump kept "clunking" back, as if I had a full tank. A few days later I got a check engine light; Code P0456 (Small evap leak detected). The light comes and goes and after some research I decide to replace the …, CODE P0455 P0456 P0457 ENGINE LIGHT EVAP FORD C-MAX FORD FUSION LINCOLN MKZIf you have Ford C-MAX, Ford Fusion, Lincoln MKZ and have check engine light and c..., Apr 27, 2024 · The diagnostic trouble code definition for P0456 is “Evaporative Emission System – Small Leak”, which is similar to P0457. The alternative is code P0455, which indicates larger leaks in the system. P0442 indicates an EVAP leak of the “medium” variety. See Also: P0449 (EVAP System Vent Valve/Solenoid Circuit) , 1983 - 2012 Ranger & B-Series - P0456 code: Suggestions? - I'm getting a P0456 Evap System Leak code on my 2004 Ranger 4.0. Doing a Google search I get things like the gas cap, the charcoal canister, the evap lines... may be at fault. I cannot do a smoke test, which is the best way to find the leak, so does anyone..., Nov 5, 2018 · P0456 Indicates that there is a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It often appears with or is related to other codes, such as P0420, P0441, and very often P0440. P0456 is normally not an immediate threat to the driveability of your Mustang. Certainly, anytime the service engine soon light is on, it’s good to deal with it ... , The EVAP system requires the PCM be able to detect a leak as small as 0.040 inch in the EVAP system. The PCM uses several tests to determine if the EVAP system is leaking. P0496 Ford Code - Evaporative Emission System High Purge Flow., 2013 V6 Explorer - Limited. So, I have been chasing an evap code for months now. The issue started last year when I noticed the gas pump kept "clunking" back, as if I had a full tank. A few days later I got a check engine light; Code P0456 (Small evap leak detected). The light comes and goes and after some research I decide to replace the …, There are several potential causes for the p0456 code in a Ford Edge. One common cause is a loose or damaged fuel cap. A loose fuel cap can allow air to enter the fuel tank, causing the code to trigger. Other possible causes include a faulty or leaking fuel vapor hose, a malfunctioning purge valve, or a cracked or damaged fuel tank., The EVAP system requires the PCM be able to detect a leak as small as 0.040 inch in the EVAP system. The PCM uses several tests to determine if the EVAP system is leaking. P0496 Ford Code - Evaporative Emission System High Purge Flow., The EVAP monitor is non-continuous. This means the system is only tested and monitored under certain conditions. For code P0456 to be set, the ignition must be off, the fuel must be at a certain level and ambient temperature must be within a pre-defined range. Code P0456 is caused by a small leak detected in the Evaporative Emission system. , Code P0456 2010 Ford Fusion Description. The Powertrain Control Module ( PCM) monitors the complete evaporative emission ( EVAP) control system for the presence of a very small fuel vapor leak. The system failure occurs when a fuel vapor leak from an opening as small as 0.508 mm (0.020 inch) is detected by the EVAP running loss …